一位北卡罗莱纳州的摄影师兼记者调查了外班克斯的海平面上升

I’m going to guess I was in the fourth grade when I learned about the Outer Banks. In the 1990s (as now), 正是在这个年级，北卡罗来纳州的公立学校的学生了解了必威体育赛事州的历史和文化. 如果我必须用关键词来总结我记得的课程内容，它们会是 Graveyard of the Atlantic, 灯塔, 第一次飞行——这些宏大故事的标志，定义了我大部分青少年时期对外班克斯的想象.

当我长大, 虽然, stories about big storms, 侵蚀, relentless development began to fill the frame.

The unique geography of the Outer Banks is what makes the vistas beautiful, the fishing world-class, the surfing and boating so popular. 地理塑造并定义了岛屿的文化，也推动了旅游业和发展. It is also what makes the islands supremely vulnerable to climate change.

从上面看，组成外滩的堰洲岛看起来特别脆弱. 绵延200多英里的细沙带两侧是咸咸的海水和浩瀚的大西洋. No wonder 图片 of washed-out Outer Banks roads, 淹没了房屋, broken piers inundate news feeds every few hurricane seasons. On this stretch of coast, 令人不安的是，很容易想象海平面上升和更大的风暴会带来什么, what that will mean for the people who live t在这里.

摄影师贾斯汀·库克项目的核心是关注外滩的海平面上升 Tide and Time: Sea Level Rise and Solastalgia on North Carolina's Outer Banks. Published in May 2021 by CoastalReview.org and the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting, 潮汐与时间是一个摄影和报道项目，讲述了萨尔沃社区公墓的故事, which is slowly washing away into the Pamlico Sound. 一系列人为因素的共同作用正在推动哈特拉斯岛上这个小墓地的命运:必威体育赛事对化石燃料的依赖正在使世界变得更热. Glaciers are melting. 海平面正在上升. Storms are getting stronger. 同时, people still want to visit, 自己的, maintain beachfront properties, the livelihood of many coastal communities depends on tourism and development. In the Outer Banks specifically, strategies in one area to mitigate the slow, 这些沙质岛屿向西移动——这是数千年来的自然过程——和海平面上升通常会对同一岛屿的其他地区产生负面影响. For every action, t在这里 is a reaction.

Reported over four years, 《必威体育赛事》调查了海平面上升对生态的影响，以及这个墓地的逐渐消失对长期居住在这里的当地人的情绪和心理影响. Cook introduces readers to Ruby 吉恩·霍伯, an 85-year-old woman whose husband, 爷爷奶奶, great-爷爷奶奶 are buried t在这里, who wants to be buried t在这里, 太. We meet Jenny Farrow Creech and Dawn Farrow Taylor, 哈特拉斯岛宗谱和保存协会前主席和副主席, who are leaders in a grassroots effort to protect the cemetery. Cook’s portraits of these women—rendered through interviews, 图片, 档案照片记录了每个人与土地的深厚关系，以及当他们想象他们的社区墓地完全被水淹没的时候所感受到的深深的失落感. Cook says this “sense of loss, 乡愁, 哲学家格伦·阿尔布雷希特(Glenn Albrecht)称solastalgia为“solastalgia”.

“我看到很多关于气候变化的故事——这些故事很重要——都是关于灾难和飓风的, 但它们不是关于气候变化在人们生活中的每一天的缓慢蔓延,” Cook told me recently. “I wanted to know more about that.”

Cook uses photographs, 科学数据, these residents’ stories to paint a full picture of what’s at stake. 在一个通道, 他引用了东卡罗莱纳大学的一项研究，该研究估计，到2100年，北卡罗来纳州东北部的海平面将上升4.5英尺. 国家公园管理局1970年拍摄的一张墓地航拍照片与库克2017年拍摄的一张航拍照片并列显示，有多少海岸线已经被水淹没. 库克报告说，墓地里的几具尸体已经被吸出了声音. Dawn Taylor told him, “I know this sounds morbid, but they are forever finding bones that look human out t在这里 in the sound.”

当我 问 库克的方法为气候变化题材的报道提供了这样的素材:

I think it helps us give words to things that we are experiencing. . . . Part of it is expanding the visual vocabulary of what climate change is. It’s starving polar bears. It’s wildfires in California. 也很喜欢. . . Dawn Taylor talks about how when she slept in her 爷爷奶奶’ house in Avon (小时候) she could see the beam from the Hatteras lighthouse, 但侵蚀改变了情况灯塔被移走了她再也看不见了. 我想很多人会对这种感觉产生共鸣，就像你童年时喜欢的东西消失了或被带走了.

道恩·泰勒关于哈特拉斯角灯塔的故事引发了我自己的记忆. In 1999, the year after my fourth-grade introduction to the Outer Banks, the lighthouse was moved 1,500 feet back from the shore. 我密切关注着日报上的这个故事，它经常成为头版新闻. We’ve been skirting the issues Cook documented for a long time.

库克是2020年获得北卡罗来纳州艺术家支持赠款的385名艺术家之一, 这是北卡罗莱纳州艺术委员会为了在疫情期间支持个别艺术家而创建的. His grant helped to fund Tide and Time. In addition to publishing a 打印版本 潮汐和时间, 库克正在为这个项目开发一个户外展览，他计划今年9月在萨尔沃社区公墓展出, barring any big storms. Learn more about his work at www.JustinCookPhoto.Com, or on Instagram @JustinCookPhoto. Read Tide and Time 在这里.